Zpravodaj Hnědé uhlí 2019, 59(2):3-18

Fosilní pryskyřice duxit, její chemické složení a vlastnosti

Mgr. Martina Havelcová, Ph.D., Ing. Vladimír Machovič, CSc., Mgr. Alexandra Špaldoňová, Ph.D., Ing. Ivana Sýkorová, DrSc., Ing. Karel Mach, Ph.D., Zdeněk Dvořák

V článku jsou uvedeny poznatky o chemickém složení fosilní pryskyřice nazývané duxit. K analýze sady vzorků, nalezených většinou v mineralizovaných kmenech a uložených v miocenních sedimentech mostecké a sokolovské pánve, byly použity metody elementární analýzy, mikroskopie, chromatografie a infračervené spektroskopie. Všechny studované vzorky vykázaly podobné chemické složení, bohaté na seskviterpeny (α-cedran, cuparen) a diterpeny abietanových, pimaranových a dehydroabietanových struktur. Infračervená spektra potvrdila aromatický charakter duxitu a vyšší zralost vzorků. Přítomnost identifikovaných sloučenin dokládá, že zdrojem duxitu je pryskyřice ze stromů čeledi Cupressaceae. Rozdíly ve složení mezi jednotlivými vzorky lze vysvětlit různými podmínkami během fosilizace a post-depoziční historií materiálu, jak dokázaly laboratorní experimenty. Specifickou vlastností duxitu je jeho nízký bod měknutí a rozpustnost v organických rozpouštědlech, která dokazuje jeho - pro fosilní pryskyřice netypickou - nezpolymerizovanou strukturu.

Keywords: fosilní pryskyřice, Terpeny, GC/MS, FTIR

Fossil resin duxit, its chemical composition and properties

The paper provides information on chemical composition of a fossil resin called duxite. Methods of elemental analysis, microscopy, chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse samples mostly found in mineralized tree trunks and deposited in the Miocene sediments of the Most and Sokolov basins. All studied samples have shown similar chemical compositions, rich in sesquiterpenes (α-cedran, cuparene) and diterpenes of abietane, pimarane, and dehydroabietane structures. The infrared spectra have confirmed an aromatic character of duxite and higher maturity of the samples. The identified compounds indicate that the source of duxite was resin from conifer trees of the Cupressaceae family. Differences in composition among individual samples can be attributed to different conditions during fossilization and post-deposition history of the material, as verified by laboratory experiments. A unique feature of duxite is a low softening point and its excellent solubility in organic solvents, which supports its nonpolymerized structure, so unusual for fossil resins.

Keywords: Fossil resin, Terpenes, GC/MS, FTIR

Published: June 1, 2019  Show citation

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Havelcová, M., Machovič, V., Špaldoňová, A., Sýkorová, I., Mach, K., & Dvořák, Z. (2019). Fossil resin duxit, its chemical composition and properties. Zpravodaj Hnědé uhlí, 59(2), 3-18
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